وقفات تأملية مع كتاب الشخصية الإسلامية - الجزء الأول (ح 66)  خطأ منهج المتكلمين في جعل العقل أساسًا للقرآن
وقفات تأملية مع كتاب الشخصية الإسلامية - الجزء الأول (ح 66)  خطأ منهج المتكلمين في جعل العقل أساسًا للقرآن

الحمد لله، والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله، وآله وصحبه ومن والاه إلى يوم الدين، واجعلنا معهم، واحشرنا في زمرتهم برحمتك يا أرحم الراحمين. أما بعد: ...

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August 22, 2023

وقفات تأملية مع كتاب الشخصية الإسلامية - الجزء الأول (ح 66) خطأ منهج المتكلمين في جعل العقل أساسًا للقرآن

وقفات تأملية مع كتاب الشخصية الإسلامية - الجزء الأول

(ح 66)

 خطأ منهج المتكلمين في جعل العقل أساسًا للقرآن

الحمد لله، والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله، وآله وصحبه ومن والاه إلى يوم الدين، واجعلنا معهم، واحشرنا في زمرتهم برحمتك يا أرحم الراحمين. أما بعد:

أيها المؤمنون:

أحبّتنا الكرام :

السَّلَامُ عَلَيكُمْ وَرَحْـمَةُ اللهِ وبركاتُه، وَبَعْد: نُواصِلُ مَعَكُمْ حَلْقَاتِ كِتَابِنَا:"وقفات تأملية مع كتاب الشخصية الإسلامية - الجزء الأول". وَمَعَ الحَلْقَةِ السادسة والستين، وَهِيَ بِعُنْوَانِ: "خطأ منهج المتكلمين في جعل العقل أساسا للقرآن".

يقول الشيخ تقي الدين النبهاني - رحمه الله -: "فكان التأويل أول مظاهر المتكلمين، فإذا أداهم البحث إلى أن الله منـزه عن الجهة والمكان أولوا الآيات التي تُشعر بأنه تعالى في السماء وأولوا الاستواء على العرش. وإذا أداهم البحث إلى أن نفي الجهة عن الله يستلزم أنَّ أعْين الناس لا يمكن أن تراه، أولوا الأخبار الواردة في رؤية الناس لله، وهكذا كان التأويل عنصرًا من عناصـر المتكلمين وأكبر مميّز لهم عن السلف.

فهذا المنهج من البحث في إعطاء العقل حرية البحث في كل شيء فيما يُدرك وفيما لا يُدرك، في الطبيعة وفيما وراء الطبيعة، فيما يقع عليه الحس وفيما لا يقع عليه الحس يؤدي حتمًا إلى جعله الأساس للقرآن، لا جعل القرآن أساسًا له، فكان طبيعيًا أن يوجد هذا المنحى في التأويل، وكان طبيعيًا أن يتجه هؤلاء إلى أية جهة يرونها على اعتبار أن العقل يراها في نظرهم. وهذا يستلزم اختلافًا كبيرًا بينهم. فإن أدى النظر قومًا إلى الاختيار وتأويل الجبر، فإنه قد يؤدي النظر غيرهم إلى إثبات الجبر وتأويل آيات الاختيار، وقد يؤدي غيرهم إلى التوفيق بين رأي هؤلاء ورأي هؤلاء برأي جديد. وبرز على جميع المتكلمين أمران؛ أحدهما: الاعتماد في البراهين على المنطق وتأليف القضايا لا على المحسوسات، والثاني: الاعتماد على تأويل الآيات التي تخالف النتائج التي توصلوا إليها". 

ونقول راجين من الله عفوه ومغفرته ورضوانه وجنته: تحدث الشيخ تقي الدين - رحمه الله - في هذه الفقرة عن خطأ كبير، بل جسيم وعظيم ارتكبه المتكلمون، ألا وهو جعل العقل أساسًا للقرآن الكريم، وسار في هذا البحث على النحو الأتي:

أولًا: ذكر الشيخ تقي الدين - رحمه الله - التأويل على أنه أول مظهر من مظاهر المتكلمين فقال: "فكان التأويل أول مظاهر المتكلمين".

ثانيًا: أورد الشيخ مثالا من أمثلة التأويل عند المتكلمين، فقال: "فإذا أداهم البحث إلى أن الله منزه عن الجهة والمكان أولوا الآيات التي تُشعر بأنه تعالى في السماء، وأولوا الاستواء على العرش.

ثالثًا: ثم تابع الشيخ حديثه عن لجوء المتكلمين إلى التأويل، فقال: "وإذا أداهم البحث إلى أن نفي الجهة عن الله يستلزم أنَّ أعْين الناس لا يمكن أن تراه، أولوا الأخبار الواردة في رؤية الناس لله.

رابعًا: ذكر الشيخ أن التأويل كان أكبر ما يميز المتكلمين عن السلف فقال: "وهكذا كان التأويل عنصرًا من عناصـر المتكلمين وأكبر مميّز لهم عن السلف".

خامسا: انتقل الشيخ إلى الحديث عن الخطأ الكبير، بل الجسيم، والعظيم الذي ارتكبه المتكلمون، ألا وهو جعل العقل أساسا للقرآن، فقال: "فهذا المنهج من البحث في إعطاء العقل حرية البحث في كل شيء: فيما يُدرك، وفيما لا يُدرك، في الطبيعة، وفيما وراء الطبيعة، فيما يقع عليه الحس، وفيما لا يقع عليه الحس، يؤدي حتمًا إلى جعله الأساس للقرآن، لا جعل القرآن أساسًا له".

سادسًا: ذكر الشيخ أن لجوء المتكلمين إلى التأويل هو الذي أدى بهم إلى جعل العقل أساسًا للقرآن، فقال: "فكان طبيعيًا أن يوجد هذا المنحى في التأويل، وكان طبيعيًا أن يتجه هؤلاء إلى أية جهة يرونها على اعتبار أن العقل يراها في نظرهم.

سابعا: ذكر الشيخ أن جعل العقل أساسًا للقرآن أوقع المتكلمين في متاهات، وأدى بهم إلى الاختلاف فقال: "وهذا يستلزم اختلافًا كبيرًا بينهم.

فإن أدى النظر قومًا إلى الاختيار وتأويل الجبر، فإنه قد يؤدي النظر غيرهم إلى إثبات الجبر وتأويل آيات الاختيار، وقد يؤدي غيرهم إلى التوفيق بين رأي هؤلاء ورأي هؤلاء برأي جديد".

ثامنًا: ذكر الشيخ أبرز أمرين ظهرا على جميع المتكلمين، فقال: "وبرز على جميع المتكلمين أمران:

أحدهما: الاعتماد في البراهين على المنطق، وتأليف القضايا لا على المحسوسات.

والثاني: الاعتماد على تأويل الآيات التي تخالف النتائج التي توصلوا إليها". ومن الأمثلة التي تحضرني على تأويل الآيات عند من توصلوا إلى أن صفة الكلام حادثة، وأن الله تعالى أزلي، وصفاته ينبغي أن تكون أزلية، فلما واجهتهم الآية الكريمة التي يقول الله تعالى فيها: (وَكَلَّمَ اللهُ مُوسَى تَكلِيمًا) اضطروا إلى تأويل الآية الكريمة؛ ليعطلوا صفة الكلام لله تعالى، فجعلوا لفظ الجلالة (اللهُ) المرفوع على اعتبار أنه سبحانه وتعالى هو الفاعل، جعلوا لفظ الجلالة منصوبًا على التعظيم (اللهَ) على اعتبار أنه سبحانه وتعالى مَفْعُولًا به مقدمًا، وَصَارَ مُوسى فاعلًا مُؤخرًا، فأثبتوا صفة الكلام لمُوسى عليه السلام، وعطلوا إسنادها لله تعالى؛ فَصَارَ نَصُّ الآية كالآتي: (وَكَلَّمَ اللهَ مُوسَى تَكلِيمًا). 

أيها المؤمنون:

نَكتَفي بِهذا القَدْرِ في هَذِه الحَلْقة، مَوعِدُنَا مَعَكُمْ في الحَلْقةِ القادِمَةِ إنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالَى، فَإِلَى ذَلِكَ الحِينِ وَإِلَى أَنْ نَلْقَاكُمْ وَدَائِمًا، نَترُكُكُم في عنايةِ اللهِ وحفظِهِ وأمنِهِ، سَائِلِينَ الْمَولَى تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى أَن يُعزَّنا بِالإسلام، وَأنْ يُعزَّ الإسلام بِنَا، وَأن يُكرِمَنا بِنَصرِه، وَأن يُقِرَّ أعيُننَا بِقيَامِ دَولَةِ الخِلافَةِ الرَّاشِدَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ عَلَى مِنْهَاجِ النُّبُوَّةِ فِي القَريبِ العَاجِلِ، وَأَن يَجعَلَنا مِن جُنُودِهَا وَشُهُودِهَا وَشُهَدَائِها، إنهُ وَليُّ ذلكَ وَالقَادِرُ عَلَيهِ. نَشكُرُكُم ، وَالسَّلامُ عَليكُم وَرَحمَةُ اللهِ وَبَركَاتُه.

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Reflections on the book: "Elements of the Islamic Psyche" - Episode Fifteen

Reflections on the book: "Elements of the Islamic Psyche"

Prepared by Professor Muhammad Ahmad Al-Nadi

Episode Fifteen

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Imam of the pious, the Master of the Messengers, sent as a mercy to the worlds, our master Muhammad and all his family and companions. Make us with them, and gather us in their company, by your mercy, O Most Merciful of the merciful.

Dear listeners, listeners of the Media Office Radio of Hizb ut-Tahrir:

Peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you. In this episode, we continue our reflections on the book: "Elements of the Islamic Psyche." In order to build the Islamic personality, with attention to the Islamic mentality and the Islamic psyche, we say, with God's help: 

O Muslims:

We said in the last episode: It is also Sunnah for a Muslim to supplicate for his brother behind his back, just as it is Sunnah for him to ask his brother to supplicate for him. It is Sunnah for him to visit him, sit with him, keep in touch with him, and share with him for the sake of God after loving him. It is recommended for a Muslim to meet his brother with what he likes to please him with that. We add in this episode and say: It is recommended for a Muslim to give gifts to his brother, according to the hadith of Abu Hurairah, which was reported by Bukhari in Al-Adab Al-Mufrad, Abu Ya'la in his Musnad, Al-Nasa'i in Al-Kuna, and Ibn Abd Al-Barr in Al-Tamhid. Al-Iraqi said: The chain of narrators is good, and Ibn Hajar said in Al-Talkhis Al-Habir: Its chain of narrators is good, he said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Exchange gifts, you will love one another." 

It is also recommended for him to accept his gift and reward him for it, according to the hadith of Aisha in Bukhari, who said: "The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, used to accept gifts and reward for them."

And the hadith of Ibn Umar in Ahmad, Abu Dawood, and Al-Nasa'i, who said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever seeks refuge in God, grant him refuge, and whoever asks you in the name of God, give him, and whoever seeks protection in God, protect him, and whoever does you a favor, reward him, and if you do not find anything, then supplicate for him until you know that you have rewarded him."

This is between brothers, and it has nothing to do with the gifts of the subjects to the rulers, as they are like bribery, which is forbidden. And one of the rewards is to say: May God reward you with good. 

Al-Tirmidhi narrated from Usama bin Zaid, may God be pleased with them both, and said it is good and authentic, he said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever has a favor done to him and says to the one who did it: "May God reward you with good," then he has exaggerated in the praise." And praise is gratitude, i.e., reward, especially from someone who finds nothing else, as Ibn Hibban narrated in his Sahih from Jabir bin Abdullah, who said: I heard the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, say: "Whoever is given a favor and does not find anything better than praise for it, then he has thanked him, and whoever conceals it has disbelieved, and whoever adorns himself with falsehood is like one who wears two garments of falsehood." And with a good chain of narrators, Al-Tirmidhi narrated from Jabir bin Abdullah, who said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever is given a gift and finds something to repay it with, let him repay it, and if he does not find anything, let him praise it, for whoever praises it has thanked him, and whoever conceals it has disbelieved, and whoever adorns himself with what he has not been given is like one who wears two garments of falsehood." And disbelieving in the gift means concealing and covering it up. 

With an authentic chain of narrators, Abu Dawood and Al-Nasa'i narrated from Anas, who said: "The Muhajirun said, "O Messenger of God, the Ansar have taken all the reward, we have not seen a people who are better at giving a lot, nor better at consoling in a little than them, and they have spared us the burden," he said: "Do you not praise them for it and supplicate for them?" They said: "Yes," he said: "That is for that." 

A Muslim should be grateful for the little as he is grateful for the much, and be grateful to the people who do him good, as Abdullah bin Ahmad narrated in his additions with a good chain of narrators from Al-Nu'man bin Bashir, who said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever is not grateful for the little, is not grateful for the much, and whoever is not grateful to the people, is not grateful to God, and talking about God's blessings is gratitude, and leaving it is disbelief, and the group is mercy, and division is torment."

It is Sunnah to intercede for one's brother for a benefit of righteousness or to facilitate a difficulty, as Al-Bukhari narrated from Abu Musa, who said: "The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, was sitting when a man came asking, or seeking a need, he turned his face to us and said, "Intercede, so that you may be rewarded, and God will decree on the tongue of His Prophet what He wills."

And as Muslim narrated from Ibn Umar from the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, who said: "Whoever is a connection for his Muslim brother to a person of authority for a benefit of righteousness or to facilitate a difficulty, will be helped to cross the Path on the day when feet slip."

It is also recommended for a Muslim to defend the honor of his brother behind his back, as Al-Tirmidhi narrated and said this is a good hadith from Abu Al-Darda' from the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, who said: "Whoever defends the honor of his brother, God will ward off the fire from his face on the Day of Resurrection." This hadith of Abu Al-Darda' was narrated by Ahmad, and he said its chain of narrators is good, and Al-Haythami said the same. 

And what Ishaq bin Rahwayh narrated from Asma bint Yazid, who said: I heard the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, say: "Whoever defends the honor of his brother behind his back, it is a right upon God to free him from the Fire." 

Al-Quda'i narrated in Musnad al-Shihab from Anas, who said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever supports his brother behind his back, God will support him in this world and the hereafter." Al-Quda'i also narrated it from Imran bin Hussein with the addition: "And he is able to support him." And as Abu Dawood and Al-Bukhari narrated in Al-Adab Al-Mufrad, and Al-Zain Al-Iraqi said: Its chain of narrators is good from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "The believer is the mirror of the believer, and the believer is the brother of the believer, from wherever he meets him, he protects him from his loss and surrounds him from behind."

O Muslims:

You have learned from the noble Prophetic hadiths mentioned in this episode and the previous episode that it is Sunnah for whoever loves a brother for the sake of God to inform him and let him know that he loves him. It is also Sunnah for a Muslim to supplicate for his brother behind his back. It is also Sunnah for him to ask his brother to supplicate for him. It is Sunnah for him to visit him, sit with him, keep in touch with him, and share with him for the sake of God after loving him. It is recommended for a Muslim to meet his brother with what he likes to please him with that. It is recommended for a Muslim to give gifts to his brother. It is also recommended for him to accept his gift and reward him for it.

A Muslim should be grateful to the people who do him good. It is Sunnah to intercede for one's brother for a benefit of righteousness or to facilitate a difficulty. It is also recommended for him to defend the honor of his brother behind his back. So why don't we adhere to these Sharia rulings and all the rulings of Islam, so that we may be as our Lord loves and is pleased with, so that He may change what is within us, improve our conditions, and we may win the best of this world and the hereafter?! 

Dear listeners: Listeners of the Media Office Radio of Hizb ut-Tahrir: 

We will suffice with this amount in this episode, with the understanding that we will complete our reflections in the coming episodes, God willing. Until that time and until we meet you, we leave you in God's care, protection, and security. We thank you for your kind listening, and peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you. 

Know, O Muslims! - Episode 15
November 14, 2025

Know, O Muslims! - Episode 15

Know, O Muslims!

Episode 15

Among the assisting bodies of the Khilafah state are the ministers whom the Caliph appoints to assist him in bearing the burdens of the Khilafah and fulfilling its responsibilities. The multitude of the Khilafah's burdens, especially as the Khilafah state grows and expands, makes it difficult for the Caliph to bear them alone, so he needs someone to help him bear them to fulfill its responsibilities. However, it is not correct to call them ministers without restriction, so that the meaning of the minister in Islam, which is in the sense of an assistant, is not confused with the meaning of the minister in the current man-made systems based on democratic, capitalist, secular, or other systems that we witness in the present era.