الرعاية الصحية في الدولة الإسلامية – الحلقة التاسعة والعشرون
الرعاية الصحية في الدولة الإسلامية – الحلقة التاسعة والعشرون

في هذه الحلقة سوف نتناول ما يخص الصيدلة والصناعة الطبية في الدولة الإسلامية: الصيدلة هو العلم الذي يختص بتركيب وصرف الأدوية العلاجية، وتربط الصيدلة علوم الصحة بعلوم الكيمياء، وهي تعنى بسلامة ونجاعة الأدوية. ...

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February 28, 2024

الرعاية الصحية في الدولة الإسلامية – الحلقة التاسعة والعشرون

الرعاية الصحية في الدولة الإسلامية 

الحلقة التاسعة والعشرون

في هذه الحلقة سوف نتناول ما يخص الصيدلة والصناعة الطبية في الدولة الإسلامية:


الصيدلة هو العلم الذي يختص بتركيب وصرف الأدوية العلاجية، وتربط الصيدلة علوم الصحة بعلوم الكيمياء، وهي تعنى بسلامة ونجاعة الأدوية.

والصيدلة كالتطبيب خدمة صحية يجوز للفرد أن يعرضها للناس بشكل خاص، كأن يقوم بفتح صيدلية ويصرف الدواء، أو ينشئ مصنعا للدواء بقصد الربح. إلا أن كون الصيدلة قد تؤدي إلى ضرر إن لم يكن المتعاطي لها من أهل العلم بفنونها يجعلها كالتطبيب بحاجة إلى ترخيص من الدولة لممارستها، وذلك منعا للضرر المترتب على مباشرة الجاهل لصنع الدواء وصرفه، وفق قاعدة «لا ضرر ولا ضرار».

فكل من باشر أعمال الصيدلة أو صرف دواء دون إذن وترخيص فأضر بمريض ضمن مقدار ضرره وجنايته، وعوقب تعزيرا من قبل الدولة سواء أوقع الضرر بالمريض أم لم يقع.

ولقد كان الأطباء المسلمون في العصر العباسي هم أول من فصلوا مهنة الصيدلة عن الطب ولقد تفرغ العديد من العلماء في ذاك الزمان لاكتشاف الوصفات العلاجية المفيدة. حتى نجحوا في إنشاء أول صيدلية في التاريخ في بغداد بفضل تلك الجهود الطيبة وكان ذلك في القرن السابع الميلادي في عهد الخليفة المنصور

 فالدولة تقوم بالإشراف على صناعة الأدوية وإنتاجها مباشرة، ولها أن تمنع صناعة نوع ما من الأدوية.


 لما أخرج البيهقي وأبو داود عن عبد الرحمن بن عثمان قال: «سَأَلَ طَبِيبٌ النَّبِيَّ (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) عَنْ ضِفْدَعٍ يَجْعَلُهَا فِى دَوَاءٍ فَنَهَاهُ النَّبِيُّ (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) عَنْ قَتْلِهَا»، صححه الألباني.

كما توفر الدولة الدواء للمرضى، إما بشرائه من مصانع الدواء وشركاته في الدولة أو في الخارج، وإما بإنشاء مصانع للدواء تملكها الدولة وتنتج الأدوية المطلوبة. وتشكل لجنة من الأطباء والصيادلة تحدد الأدوية التي على الدولة أن توفرها مجانا، وهي الأدوية التي يسبب عدم توفيرها للمريض ضررا بصحته، دون الأدوية والمستحضرات الكمالية. كما تحدد هذه اللجنة الأدوية التي لا تصرف إلا بوصفة من الطبيب، والأدوية التي يستطيع الصيدلي صرفها دون وصفة من الطبيب، وكل هذا من رعاية الإمام لرعيته الواجبة عليه.


ولأن الدواء حاجة حيوية قد يؤدي نقصها أو فقدانها إلى ضرر على الفرد والجماعة، فإن الدولة تبذل قصارى جهدها في تحقيق الاكتفاء الذاتي في صنع الدواء، حتى لا تحتاج إلى استيراد الدواء وبالتالي تتعرض لابتزاز الدول الكافرة أو ضغوطها السياسية.

ونشير هنا إلى أن المصانع في الدولة الإسلامية ومنها مصانع الدواء تقوم على أساس الصناعة الحربية، ولذلك تكون مصانع الدواء (سواء التابعة للأفراد أم الدولة) معدة وقابلة دائما لمتطلبات الصناعة الحربية والمضادات الحيوية والتطعيمات ضد الأسلحة البيولوجية على أوسع نطاق ممكن وفي أسرع وقت.

وإذا ما استورد الأفراد أو الدولة الدواء من دول أخرى فلا بد أن يخضع الدواء المستورد للفحوص والتحليل على يد الصيادلة والكيميائيين في الدولة الإسلامية قبل أن يصدر ترخيص من مصلحة الصحة بجواز استيراده، خصوصا وأن شركات الأدوية العالمية لم تتورع في السابق عن بيع شحنات من الدواء الفاسد للمسلمين، كشحنات الدم الملوث بالإيدز، الذي أرسلته شركات الأدوية الفرنسية مطلع ثمانينات القرن الماضي إلى العراق وليبيا وتونس والجزائر.

ومن أجل إطالة أمد العلاج وتحقيق الربح، فإن شركات صناعة العقاقير تنتج عقارا لمعالجة الآثار وليس علاجا للمرض، فقد زادت صناعة الأدوية والعقاقير حتى غدت شركات الأدوية شركات ضخمة ميزانياتها تعادل ميزانيات دول!! فطبقا لبيانات عام 2014م فإن إجمالي مبيعات أكبر 12 شركة لصناعة الدواء في العالم بلغ 508 مليار دولار أمريكي.

فمثلا منذ عدة عقود لم نجد شركة أدوية كبرى تقوم بأبحاث جدية من أجل إنتاج مضادات حيوية جديدة خصوصا مع تطور البكتيريا والطفيليات واكتسابها مناعة لأغلب المضادات الحيوية الموجود حاليا. لأن المضاد الحيوي يستخدم لمدة محدودة يتحقق بعدها الشفاء، مما يعني قلة استهلاك الدواء مقارنة بالأدوية التي تؤخذ بشكل دائم (كالأدوية لعلاج المشاكل الجنسية أو أدوية الكولسترول والسكري). فالأمر غير مربح عندهم.

وقد صرحت "المكتبة البريطانية للمعارف الطبية" وكذلك باحثون في جامعة "نيوكاسل" في أستراليا. أن الترويج للأمراض هو توسيع لحدود المرض وبالتالي زيادة لنمو الأسواق بالنسبة لهؤلاء الذين يبيعون ويقدمون العلاجات، فحملات التوعية بالأمراض التي تمولها العديد من شركات الأدوية، تهدف في كثير من الأحيان إلى بيع الأدوية أكثر منها إلى التوعية أو التثقيف بشأن أمراض ما أو الوقاية الصحية منها.

جمع وإعداد: راضية عبد الله

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Reflections on the book: "Elements of the Islamic Psyche" - Episode Fifteen

Reflections on the book: "Elements of the Islamic Psyche"

Prepared by Professor Muhammad Ahmad Al-Nadi

Episode Fifteen

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Imam of the pious, the Master of the Messengers, sent as a mercy to the worlds, our master Muhammad and all his family and companions. Make us with them, and gather us in their company, by your mercy, O Most Merciful of the merciful.

Dear listeners, listeners of the Media Office Radio of Hizb ut-Tahrir:

Peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you. In this episode, we continue our reflections on the book: "Elements of the Islamic Psyche." In order to build the Islamic personality, with attention to the Islamic mentality and the Islamic psyche, we say, with God's help: 

O Muslims:

We said in the last episode: It is also Sunnah for a Muslim to supplicate for his brother behind his back, just as it is Sunnah for him to ask his brother to supplicate for him. It is Sunnah for him to visit him, sit with him, keep in touch with him, and share with him for the sake of God after loving him. It is recommended for a Muslim to meet his brother with what he likes to please him with that. We add in this episode and say: It is recommended for a Muslim to give gifts to his brother, according to the hadith of Abu Hurairah, which was reported by Bukhari in Al-Adab Al-Mufrad, Abu Ya'la in his Musnad, Al-Nasa'i in Al-Kuna, and Ibn Abd Al-Barr in Al-Tamhid. Al-Iraqi said: The chain of narrators is good, and Ibn Hajar said in Al-Talkhis Al-Habir: Its chain of narrators is good, he said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Exchange gifts, you will love one another." 

It is also recommended for him to accept his gift and reward him for it, according to the hadith of Aisha in Bukhari, who said: "The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, used to accept gifts and reward for them."

And the hadith of Ibn Umar in Ahmad, Abu Dawood, and Al-Nasa'i, who said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever seeks refuge in God, grant him refuge, and whoever asks you in the name of God, give him, and whoever seeks protection in God, protect him, and whoever does you a favor, reward him, and if you do not find anything, then supplicate for him until you know that you have rewarded him."

This is between brothers, and it has nothing to do with the gifts of the subjects to the rulers, as they are like bribery, which is forbidden. And one of the rewards is to say: May God reward you with good. 

Al-Tirmidhi narrated from Usama bin Zaid, may God be pleased with them both, and said it is good and authentic, he said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever has a favor done to him and says to the one who did it: "May God reward you with good," then he has exaggerated in the praise." And praise is gratitude, i.e., reward, especially from someone who finds nothing else, as Ibn Hibban narrated in his Sahih from Jabir bin Abdullah, who said: I heard the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, say: "Whoever is given a favor and does not find anything better than praise for it, then he has thanked him, and whoever conceals it has disbelieved, and whoever adorns himself with falsehood is like one who wears two garments of falsehood." And with a good chain of narrators, Al-Tirmidhi narrated from Jabir bin Abdullah, who said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever is given a gift and finds something to repay it with, let him repay it, and if he does not find anything, let him praise it, for whoever praises it has thanked him, and whoever conceals it has disbelieved, and whoever adorns himself with what he has not been given is like one who wears two garments of falsehood." And disbelieving in the gift means concealing and covering it up. 

With an authentic chain of narrators, Abu Dawood and Al-Nasa'i narrated from Anas, who said: "The Muhajirun said, "O Messenger of God, the Ansar have taken all the reward, we have not seen a people who are better at giving a lot, nor better at consoling in a little than them, and they have spared us the burden," he said: "Do you not praise them for it and supplicate for them?" They said: "Yes," he said: "That is for that." 

A Muslim should be grateful for the little as he is grateful for the much, and be grateful to the people who do him good, as Abdullah bin Ahmad narrated in his additions with a good chain of narrators from Al-Nu'man bin Bashir, who said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever is not grateful for the little, is not grateful for the much, and whoever is not grateful to the people, is not grateful to God, and talking about God's blessings is gratitude, and leaving it is disbelief, and the group is mercy, and division is torment."

It is Sunnah to intercede for one's brother for a benefit of righteousness or to facilitate a difficulty, as Al-Bukhari narrated from Abu Musa, who said: "The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, was sitting when a man came asking, or seeking a need, he turned his face to us and said, "Intercede, so that you may be rewarded, and God will decree on the tongue of His Prophet what He wills."

And as Muslim narrated from Ibn Umar from the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, who said: "Whoever is a connection for his Muslim brother to a person of authority for a benefit of righteousness or to facilitate a difficulty, will be helped to cross the Path on the day when feet slip."

It is also recommended for a Muslim to defend the honor of his brother behind his back, as Al-Tirmidhi narrated and said this is a good hadith from Abu Al-Darda' from the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, who said: "Whoever defends the honor of his brother, God will ward off the fire from his face on the Day of Resurrection." This hadith of Abu Al-Darda' was narrated by Ahmad, and he said its chain of narrators is good, and Al-Haythami said the same. 

And what Ishaq bin Rahwayh narrated from Asma bint Yazid, who said: I heard the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, say: "Whoever defends the honor of his brother behind his back, it is a right upon God to free him from the Fire." 

Al-Quda'i narrated in Musnad al-Shihab from Anas, who said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever supports his brother behind his back, God will support him in this world and the hereafter." Al-Quda'i also narrated it from Imran bin Hussein with the addition: "And he is able to support him." And as Abu Dawood and Al-Bukhari narrated in Al-Adab Al-Mufrad, and Al-Zain Al-Iraqi said: Its chain of narrators is good from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "The believer is the mirror of the believer, and the believer is the brother of the believer, from wherever he meets him, he protects him from his loss and surrounds him from behind."

O Muslims:

You have learned from the noble Prophetic hadiths mentioned in this episode and the previous episode that it is Sunnah for whoever loves a brother for the sake of God to inform him and let him know that he loves him. It is also Sunnah for a Muslim to supplicate for his brother behind his back. It is also Sunnah for him to ask his brother to supplicate for him. It is Sunnah for him to visit him, sit with him, keep in touch with him, and share with him for the sake of God after loving him. It is recommended for a Muslim to meet his brother with what he likes to please him with that. It is recommended for a Muslim to give gifts to his brother. It is also recommended for him to accept his gift and reward him for it.

A Muslim should be grateful to the people who do him good. It is Sunnah to intercede for one's brother for a benefit of righteousness or to facilitate a difficulty. It is also recommended for him to defend the honor of his brother behind his back. So why don't we adhere to these Sharia rulings and all the rulings of Islam, so that we may be as our Lord loves and is pleased with, so that He may change what is within us, improve our conditions, and we may win the best of this world and the hereafter?! 

Dear listeners: Listeners of the Media Office Radio of Hizb ut-Tahrir: 

We will suffice with this amount in this episode, with the understanding that we will complete our reflections in the coming episodes, God willing. Until that time and until we meet you, we leave you in God's care, protection, and security. We thank you for your kind listening, and peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you. 

Know, O Muslims! - Episode 15
November 14, 2025

Know, O Muslims! - Episode 15

Know, O Muslims!

Episode 15

Among the assisting bodies of the Khilafah state are the ministers whom the Caliph appoints to assist him in bearing the burdens of the Khilafah and fulfilling its responsibilities. The multitude of the Khilafah's burdens, especially as the Khilafah state grows and expands, makes it difficult for the Caliph to bear them alone, so he needs someone to help him bear them to fulfill its responsibilities. However, it is not correct to call them ministers without restriction, so that the meaning of the minister in Islam, which is in the sense of an assistant, is not confused with the meaning of the minister in the current man-made systems based on democratic, capitalist, secular, or other systems that we witness in the present era.